Leucoxene

Leucoxene grains occur frequently in sand. Leucoxene is not a mineral because it lacks defined crystal structure and its chemical composition is far too variable to be expressed as a chemical formula. It is an alteration product of titanium-bearing minerals like ilmenite, rutile, and titanite (sphene).

Leucoxene is a mixture of several minerals, most important of them are rutile, pseudorutile, anatase, hematite, and goethite. The color of leucoxene is variable. It could be light gray, brown, yellow, orange, reddish, etc. It looks earthy because it is a mixture and therefore never forms beautiful crystals. Leucoxene is an economic mineral (titanium ore). It is usually mined with ilmenite.

There are black ilmenite and colorful leucoxene grains on the picture below. The width of the view is less than 4 mm, so the grains are really small and indistinguishabe to the naked eye. I like these grains for several reason. Leucoxene grains show different shades of color and some grains demonstrate the leucoxenisation process being halfway completed.

Ilmenite and leucoxene

Ilmenite and leucoxene grains. Some grains demonstrate half-completed leucoxenisation process (few examples are annotated). The width of the view is 3.8 mm.

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